INTRODUCTION:

Daucus carota having a scientific name of carrot belongs to family Apiaceae and it contains many of chemical constituent. The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, but many other were found like purple, black, red, white, and yellow varieties exist. Carrots are a domesticated sort of the Queen Anne's lace, Daucus carota, and native to Europe and southwestern Asia. This plant is perhaps originated in Persia and originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds. Carrot may be a biennial plant within the Umbelliferae . The roots contain increase quantities of alpha- and beta-carotene, and are a good source of vitamin B6 and vitamin K^1,2,3.

Daucus carota have Hepatoprotective, anti-fungal, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, immunoenhancer activity, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity^.6-16.

Botanical Classification

Botanical name: Daucus carota

Kingdom: Plantae

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Apiales

Family: Apiaceae

Genus: Daucus

Division: Magnoliophyta

Description:

This is a biennial plant that grows a rosett of leaves in the spring and summer, while building up the stout taproot that stores large amounts of sugars for the plant to flower in the second year. After immediate germination, carrot seedlings show a distinct demarcation between the taproot and the stem. The latter is thicker and lacks lateral roots. At the upper end of the stem is that the cotyledon. First true leaf mostly appears about 10–15 days after germination. Subsequent leaves, produced from the stem nodes, are alternating (with one leaf attached to a node, and therefore the leaves growing in alternate directions) and compounds, and arranged during a spiral. The leaf blades are pinnate. When the plant grows, the bases of the seed leaves are pushed apart. The stem, which located just above the bottom, is compressed and therefore the internodes aren't distinct. When the seed stalk elongates, the tip of the stem narrows and becomes pointed, extends upward, and becomes a highly branched inflorescence. The stems grow to 60–200cm (20–80 in) tall^.4

Leaves: Triangular to oblong in outline, 2-3 pinnatisect into oblong-lanceolate, incised-dentate segments those of the upper leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers: umbel with very numerous rays, at length contracted into a nest-like form; bracts of the involucre, 3-fid or pinnate, of the involucre linear, white, margined, entire or 2-3 fid; petals radiating; central flower sterile, purple. Fuits: 4 mm. long, 3mm. broad, includes the prickles. Prickles setaceous, as long as the diameter of the seed or longer with 1-3 recurved barbs⁵

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

Plant Material:

The seeds of Daucus carota (DI) were purchased from local market and authenticated. Scientific work was conducted after IAEC approval.

Preparation of Extract:

Powdered material of seeds of Daucus Carota was charged into soxhlet apparatus and extraction was carried out using petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. For water a simple decoction was prepared.

Experimental animals:

Wistar albino mice of both sex (120-150gm) was used. They were maintained at 25±2°C and relative humidity of 45 to 55% and under standard environmental conditions (12 h light: 12 h dark cycle). The animals had free access to food (Amrut feed, Chakan oil mills, India) and water ad lib throughout study. Institutional Animal Ethical Committee approved the protocol. All the experiments were administered between 9:00-16:00 hour.

Approval from IAEC was taken having approval number DYPCOP/IAEC/2020/03.

Phytochemical screening:

Phytochemical analyses of above mentioned different extracts were carried out to test for the presence of various chemical constituents using following methods. The extract with presence of maximum number of phytochemicals of pharmacological importance i.e ethyl acetate extract of Daucus carota was selected for further study.

Stastical Analysis:

The collected data were subjected to appropriate statistical test like one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance), followed by an appropriate turkey test. P values of less than 0.01 were considered as significant. The analysis was carried out using Graph pad insta software of Version 3.

Phytochemical test:

Various phytochemical test was performed like test for Steroids include Salkowaski test and Liebermann-Burchard reaction. Test for Triterpenoids which include Salkowaski test and Liebermann-Burchardt test.

Test for Glycosides include Balget’s test, Keller-Killiani test and Legals test, Borntrager’s test. Tests for Saponin Foam Test. Tests for Carbohydrates which include Molisch’s test, Barfoeds test, Fehling’s test and Benedict’s test Tests for Alkaloids include Mayer’s test, Hager’s test and Dragendorff’s test. Tests for Flavonoids include Ferric-chloride test and Shinoda test. Tests for Tannins include Ferric-chloride test and Gelatin test. Tests for Proteins Millon’s test, Xanthoproteic test, Biuret test and Ninhydrin test^.17,18

Pharmacological screening of Daucus carota seed:

1. Pentynelentetrazole (PTZ) induce convulsions:

In PTZ induced convulsion model, all the mice were subjected to oral administration of 100, 200 and 400mg /kg dose of Ethyl acetate extract of DC (EADC) for the period of 14days.

On 14^th day, 01 hr after the dosing, intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole (80mg/kg) was administered to induce convulsions.

Observe onset of convulsion and percentage of mice protected (i.e. number of mice survived after convulsion) after 30 minutes of onset of convulsions was recorded and compared with those of control mice. Diazepam (5 mg/kg i.p.) was used as reference standard^19-26

RESULT:

Table1: Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Daucus carota seeds

Plant constit

uents

Tests performed

Ethanolic extact of D. carota seeds

(EDC)

Ethyl acetate extract of D. carota seeds

(EADC)

Test for Steroids

1. Salkowaski Test

2. Liebermann-Buchard Test

Test

for Triterpenoids

1. Salkowaski Test

2. Liebermann-Buchard Test

Test for Glycosides

1. Balget’s test

2. Keller-Killiani test

3. Legals test

4. Borntrager’s test

Tests for Saponin

1. Foam Test

Tests for Carbohydrates

1. Molisch’s test

2. Barfoed’s test

3. Fehling’s test

4. Benedict’s test

Test for Alkaloids

1. Mayer’s Reagent

2. Hager’s Reagent

3. Dragendorff's Reagent

Tests for Flavonoids

1. Ferric-chloride test

2. Shinoda test

Test for Tannins

1. FeCl₃Solution

2. Gelatin test

Test for Proteins

1. Millon’s test

2. Xanthoproteic test

3. Biuret test

4. Ninhydrin test

(+) Present, (-) Absent, (++) Higher concentration

Ethanolic extract of Daucus Carota showed the prominent presence of steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins while ethyl acetate extracts showed the prominent presence of steroids, triterpenoids, falvaonids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and tannins.

Pentylenetetrazone (PTZ) induce convulsion-

PTZ- Onset of convulsions (14^th Day) in seconds

Table2: Results of EADC in Pentylenetetrazole induce convulsion

Mice	Control	EADC 100	EADC 200	EADC 400	Diazepam 5mg/kg
1	267.11	285.00	282.20	315.14	480.00
2	276.09	263.39	293.34	321.09	499.01
3	258.44	267.18	281.11	323.09	492.20
4	269.00	263.37	283.33	311.00	477.23
5	264.37	275.00	292.25	296.25	480.04
6	272.20	262.04	299.55	299.55	484.33
Mean SEM	267.86 2.51	269.33 3.68	286.92 2.19**	311.02 4.52**	485.46 3.45**

Figure 1: Onset of Convulsions at 14^th Day

Table 3: The results of EADC showing % of animal protected

Extract and Dose	Number of mice used	Number of mice survived	% protection
Control	6	1	16.66
EADC-100	6	1	16.66
EADC-200	6	2	32.66
EADC-400	6	3	50.00
Standard	6	5	83.33

DISCUSSION:

Ethanolic extract of Daucus carota showed the prominent presence of steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins while ethyl acetate extracts showed the prominent presence of steroids, triterpenoids, falvaonids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and tannins.

Anticonvulsant activity of Daucus carota seed was examine for its anticonvulsant activity by using Pentylenetetrazole induce convulsion screening method. In the experiment it was observed that the Ethyl acetate extract of Daucus carota seeds show anticonvulsant activity higher dose of 400mg. The 50% mortality was observed when we use 6 mice at a dose of EADC 400mg. The result suggest that EADC at higher two doses is effective and as far as onset is concerned, both the doses are equipotent but when it comes to survival rate its dose dependent action^.27,28,29

CONCLUSION:

Ethyl acetate extracts showed the prominent presence of steroids, triterpenoids, falvaonids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and tannins.

Ethyl acetate extract of Daucus carota seeds show anticonvulsant activity higher dose of 400mg. The 50% mortality was observed when we use 6 mice at a dose of EADC 400mg.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received on 06.03.2021 Modified on 20.05.2021

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2022; 15(5):2293-2296.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00381